VBA ─ Operators

VBA supports following types of operators:

1.  Arithmetic Operators
2.  Comparison Operators
3.  Logical (or Relational) Operators
4. Concatenation Operators

The Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators take numerical values (either literals or variables) as their operands and return a single numerical value. The standard arithmetic operators are addition ( + ), subtraction ( - ), multiplication ( * ), and division ( / )

Operator	Description	Examples
+	Adds the two operands	A+b
-	Subtracts the second operand from the first	A-b
*	Multiplies both the operands	A*b
/	Divides the numerator by the denominator	A/b
%	Modulus operator and the remainder after an integer division	Remainder of a/b
^	Exponentiation operator	Ab

Arithmetic Operators ─ Example Add a button and try the following example to understand all the arithmetic operators available in VBA.

Sub operator_example()  Dim a As Integer  a = 10  Dim b As Integer  b = 20  Dim c As Double  c = a + b  MsgBox ("Addition Result is " & c)  c = a - b  MsgBox ("Subtraction Result is " & c)  c = a * b  MsgBox ("Multiplication Result is " & c)  c = b / a  MsgBox ("Division Result is " & c)  c = b Mod a  MsgBox ("Modulus Result is " & c)  c = b ^ a  MsgBox ("Exponentiation Result is " & c) End Sub

result of the example would be

Addition Result is 30 Subtraction Result is -10 Multiplication Result is 200 Division Result is 2 Modulus Result is 0 Exponentiation Result is 10240000000000

The Comparison Operators 

There are following comparison operators supported by VBA.

Comparison Operators	Description
=	Checks if the value of the two operands are equal or not. If yes, then the condition is true. (A == B) is False.
><	Checks if the value of the two operands are equal or not. If the values are not equal, then the condition is true. (A <> B) is True.
<	Checks if the value of the left operand is greater than the value of the right operand. If yes, then the condition is true. (A > B) is False.
>	Checks if the value of the left operand is less than the value of the right operand. If yes, then the condition is true. (A < B) is True.
>=	Checks if the value of the left operand is greater than or equal to the value of the right operand. If yes, then the condition is true. (A >= B) is False.
<=	Checks if the value of the left operand is less than or equal to the value of the right operand. If yes, then the condition is true.

Try the following example to understand

Example Comparison Operators

Sub Comparison_Operators_ex()  Dim a As Integer  a = 10  Dim b As Integer  b = 15  If a = b Then  Debug.Print ("a is equal to b")  Else  Debug.Print ("a is not equal to b")  End If  If a <> b Then  Debug.Print ("a is not equal to b")  Else  Debug.Print ("a is equal to b")  End If  If a > b Then  Debug.Print ("a is Greater then b")  Else  Debug.Print ("a is not Greater then b")  End If  If a < b Then  Debug.Print ("a is less then b")  Else  Debug.Print ("a is not less then b")  End If  If a >= b Then  Debug.Print ("a is Greater then or equal to b")  Else  Debug.Print ("a is not Greater then or equal to b")   End If  If a <= b Then  Debug.Print ("a is smaller then or equal to b")  Else  Debug.Print (" a is not smaller then or equal to b    ")  End If End Sub

now let see the output of the example above

Output Comparison Operators

a is not equal to b      a is not equal to b a is not Greater then b a is less then b a is not Greater then or equal to b a is smaller then or equal to b

The Logical Operators

The concept of logical operators is simple. They allow a program to make a decision based on multiple conditions. Each operand is considered a condition that can be evaluated to a true or false value.

 

Operator	Description
AND	Called Logical AND operator. If both the conditions are True, then the Expression is true.
OR	Called Logical OR Operator. If any of the two conditions are True, then the condition is true.
NOT	Called Logical NOT Operator. Used to reverse the logical state of its operand. If a condition is true, then Logical NOT operator will make false.
XOR	Called Logical Exclusion. It is the combination of NOT and OR Operator. If one, and only one, of the expressions evaluates to be True, the result is True.

The Concatenation Operators

Concatenation operators join multiple strings into a single string. There are two concatenation operators, + and & . Both carry out the basic concatenation operation

Operator Description Example when value or variable are integer

Let values are a=8 and b = 5

Concatenation Operator	Description	Result
+	Adds two Values as Variable. Values are Numeric	A + B will give 13
&	Concatenates two Values	A & B will give 85

Operator Description Example when value or variable are string let

Let values are a= ”My” and b = ”Variable”

Concatenation Operators	Description	Result
+	Adds two Values as Variable. Values are Numeric	MyVariable
&	Concatenates two Values	MyVariable